The psychology of education, a tool for effective teaching: Exploring the Psychology of Education, Effective Teaching and Research in Educational Psychology.

UNIVERSITY FRANCISCO GAVIDIA
Faculty of Social Sciences


Chair: Educational Psychology
Cycle: 02/09
Chair: Mr. Joseph Othmar Menjívar Wings

Topic: The psychology of education, a tool for effective teaching: Exploring the Psychology of Education, Effective Teaching and Research in Educational Psychology.

STUDENTS: MEAT:
Karla Lissette Figueroa HF100209 Herrarte
Ivette Lopez Jennifer Clavel LC100109
Janine Wendi Nájera Guevara NG100209
Vilma Dolores Ventura VV101009

San Salvador, Saturday 15 August 2009


Index

Introduction ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1
Objectives ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 2
Summary of reading ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 3-5
Critical assessment of reading ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 6
Application ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7
Conclusion ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 8
Recommendations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .9








Introduction
Psychology is a science of the mind and behavior to which we add the word education a multidirectional process which transmit knowledge, values, customs and ways of acting ..
These two words form the treated educational psychology as a science known and recognized by William James and John Dewey as a search in the improvement of a good educational process that lead to innovation and not traditionalism, where students had the opportunity to be active learners, competent, and creative thought, and so on.
In order to deepen implement effective teaching is the relationship between science and art. Science has much to expand and bring the teachers to psychological research in all areas and features, through the experiences and creativity can make the development of art in every teacher and takes the commitment and motivation to seek the best ways and tools of education and development for their students as well as Gay and Airasian mention, "The more knowledge you have about research in educational psychology, will become more effective in their role increasingly popular master as a researcher. "







General objective
- Identify and investigate through reading that psychology as a science is defined by how they are investigating.
Specific objective
- Implement and future teachers with the various investigations to reach a possible settlement of the difficulties facing students in their learning.






1. Reading Summary
At the start of the chapter, found the advice a teacher gave to another fellow who began his career, one of the things I emphasized was that learning was significant, the student endorse it and that teachers provide the tools necessary to such learning. Then mentioned the most important in the early history of educational psychology as they were, William James (one of its recommendations was to start the lessons a point beyond the level of knowledge and understanding of the child to expand his mind), John Dewey (first install the psychology laboratory for education, considered the child as an active learner, focusing on education as a whole, teaching not only academic but also the world), THE Thorndike (concentrated on the psychology of education had to have a scientific basis), also highlighted just some few individuals who were not white, ie belonging to ethnic minorities, they got degrees to break down racial barriers. For example, African American psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark, George Sanchez and the Latin Leta Hollingworth.
In another section are some historical events concerning the issue of how learning takes place, we see that Skinner trends that differed from what is thought by William James and John Dewey, then Benjamin Bloom created a taxonomy of cognitive skills including functions and remember, understand, synthesize, and evaluate, however during the years l980 there was great enthusiasm for applying the concepts of cognitive psychology, memory, thinking, reasoning etc. To help students learn, turning to the aspects of learning proposed by James and Dewey. Is a clarification of how the teaching is an art and science.
For an effective education is necessary to have 2 critical ingredients: 1) professional knowledge and skills and 2) commitment and motivation. Teachers traditional or constructivist must set goals and institutional planning skills some of these skills are skills for classroom management, motivational skills, communication skills, effective work students from diverse cultural backgrounds, technological skills. Within the commitment and motivation influences have a good attitude and concern for students, it helps that effective teachers overcome the hard times and frustrating education, also have confidence in their self-efficacy, have a positive attitude and enthusiasm to the classroom class.
The Scientific Research Focus
Some people find it difficult to think of educational psychology as a science, in the same sense as is physics or biology.
Can a discipline that studies the best way to help children learn or how poverty affects their behavior in the classroom, equated to the discipline that examines the operation of gravity or the flow of blood in the body? Science is not defined by what it discovers, but by the way it investigates.
Scientific research is an objective investigation, systematic and verifiable, which attempts to reduce the findings based on beliefs, opinions and feelings. Scientific research is based on the scientific method. The scientific method is used to find accurate information and that includes these steps: conceptualizing the problem, collect data, priests findings and review the findings of research and theory. Theory is coherent and interrelated set of ideas that helps to explain and make predictions that can be tested for accuracy. Assumptions are assumptions that can be tested for accuracy. Theories produce hypotheses.
Psychology to get to discover, investigate the causes of many problems in the area of education research uses three methods:
Research description: Its purpose is to observe and record the behavior but can not prove the causes of these phenomena but reveal important information. In these is the most important factor is the observation that it is highly systematic, and in order to carry out is necessary to note the observations, many of these are done by psychologists and are conducted in a laboratory, there is also naturalistic observation (behavior that is observed in the real world and in classrooms, museums, games, homes) and participant observation (the researcher is involved as a participant in the situation.)
The quickest and best way to get information about teachers and students are asking and giving through interviews and surveys, although this runs the risk that the respondent or respondents to lie.
To evaluate the performance of students (as) in different areas can make the standardized tests used to check the performance of other students. There is a test that only makes you a unique individual genetic makeup and experiences that no one else has and this is the case study, it makes a deep profound observation emphasizes the individual is an example: a girl Brandi''because of epilepsy was excised their right brain and its 17 years has had a good recovery less use of his left arm. In the latest research is the ethnographic studies produced long-term is a description and interpretation of a cultural or ethnic group.
Correlational research: A clear example can be seen in classrooms is the relationship between two or more events or features such as: if a teacher gives his class a permissiveness in each moment, the children lose self-control (as).
Experimental research: This type identifies the causes of the behavior of some behavior and the psychologists can manipulate factors that are believed to affect the behavior of students and can identify reasons that make this possible, for it contains the use of dependent variables (factor measured in an experiment) and independent variable (factor that is manipulated). The dependent variable can vary the control and manipulation of the independent variable and to make it happen there the control group and experimental group.
One of the decisions in research is the time frame of the research can decide between two being: cross-sectional research (home of groups of people at one time) or longitudinal research (the same studio for a while several years or more .)
To increase the knowledge of good management of our knowledge there is research to make a good decision about the effectiveness of a particular program where you make a teacher asking questions so we can reach an action research or even better resolution a problem in specific classroom or school, this can be achieved with the good work that makes the teacher researcher who can conduct such research in their own classroom that has improved their teaching practices and use creativity to reach bottom of a problem.
The effects on research participants is to alter or contradict results for this behavior has to be a degree of ethics that the decision to participate will be in the child (a) (if it is experienced) and their parents, in each research must lead to something positive from the child support and growth (a).
It may also include ethnic minority groups in research where you can find very interesting results.
How can we ensure credibility in the experiments written in magazines, books, web pages, to implement them? This is a question that every person who wishes to conduct an investigation because it can be accomplished through stealth and logic, to read the many media inquiries overstate the results because their goal is to increase sales. To better understand you have to realize that a single study is usually not the last word.


2. Critique of Reading Assessment
Chapter 1 Educational Psychology: a tool for effective teaching. It teaches us how to be a good effective teacher using a variety of tools and obtain new knowledge about the psychology of education. The concept that as a group believe it is a very important point to learn more aspects to us by the author.
We also believe that it is very important to know about the psychology of education because we can solve problems that arise in the teaching-learning process of children.
Besides, we think that the author saw the need as teachers knew about the historical background of educational psychology and how to be an effective teacher. As well as teaching as an art and science in order to be more complete.
The part we call more attention when they performed the reading of this chapter is the issue of effective teaching and requires professional knowledge and skills within which we must take into account the knowledge of the subject, know some instructional strategies also establish goals and institutional planning skills among others.
As future teachers of education is very important to bear in mind the abilities and skills to become an effective teacher education which will achieve taking into account that in chapter 1 the author offers us about the psychology of education.
The research of psychology of education is quite important as it presents the author as to how to help us investigate and learn about strategies in order to solve the problems that arise in the classroom and learning development.
In order to help a child who has problems, it is necessary to be a psychologist, but as a teacher to know the psychology of education and identify the power to solve problems under the guidance of this book I think we will be a little easier.
Looks good in the chapter of this book that embodied everything you need to hear the matter, also what it takes to be a good teacher with the help of psychology that is a very effective tool for solving problems, knowledge of research in educational psychology.
As a small recommendation to consider other countries for research and give examples. Since not only in the United States are situations that can help the understanding of cases. Otherwise we are pleased to announce that we had filled our expectations about the matter.
3. Implementation
As a future professional in the field of early childhood education psychology gives us tools to provide better education, quality, innovative strategies that help us better development within the area, with effective teaching with clear knowledge of matter and using strategies and methods appropriate to each age group and each knowing that we will have diversity of students and for which we must be prepared to investigate their culture, ethnicity, and know how to manage the classroom bearing in mind that "all are equal but different "having a good teacher-student communication, student-teacher, giving students, motivate and encourage. An example would be to have children of different social classes or different economic strata to which they must show they are equal and should be treated equally without favoritism. Trying to make education fun and interesting, using technology we have at our disposal, a tool that can do different learning environments as a support to students with research methods learn the status of students and See what we are failing and how we can improve on which we can use any research method, a method that adheres to the current situation, trying to get at the end of each year we feel happy to have met the goals and objectives put initially with satisfactory results. That is in the students and my significant learning, learning for life.






Conclusion

To become an effective teacher needs not only will also have to have research experiences of different experts and their own. During the time where you have difficulty with the students were able to address it with various strategies and determine what is the best at that time.
We were able to distinguish different types of research which leads to the descriptive knowledge through observations, interviews, studies, etc. and experimental research that may discover the causes of such behavior. This not only involves conducting research and for that you need to have permits, care ethics and experienced people to recognize that research that are not commonly investigated can find many answers. To reach the final of an investigation is very important not to get our own results and conclusions, but not before finishing with the investigation.







Recommendations:
To get a good result in the classroom should not leave aside the teaching strategies we use and to carry it out we have to take into account:
• When planning lessons or classes, students think
• continue to take courses, conferences that help us grow as teachers capable of carrying out a group of students.
• Use resources such as textbooks, magazines, tech gadgets and the internet (not rely or depend on this).
• Be flexible to the criticism that may arise when observed in their work.