SPECIAL EDUCATION

Since 1980 we have paid great attention to special education in developed countries. In this decade brought about a radical change in professional and public attitudes towards the special needs that marked the beginning of a great movement towards integration of people with special educational needs within mainstream schools. Parents have been actively involved in the evaluation and review of the educational needs of their children and increasingly show more interest in their choice (limited to certain conditions) to have their children educated in mainstream schools. The expansion of social and health services has contributed to better assess the special educational needs to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each student to ensure the most appropriate education within a wide range of special educational needs. In practice, good intentions do not always result in satisfactory achievement. In any case, it should be noted that this process of change in most European countries and the world in general has contributed to the affected families and schools to sue government laws and learning methods that guarantee the right to greater integration in schools and training centers for people with special needs.

Education, theories, methods, system management and situation of the schools from antiquity to the present throughout the world.

The concept 'education' denotes the methods by which a society maintains its knowledge, culture and values ​​and affects the physical, mental, emotional, social and moral person. The educational work is developed by individual teachers, family, church or any other social group. Formal education is what is usually taught in a school or institution that uses men and women who are professionally trained for this task.

EARLY EDUCATION SYSTEMS

 
Education systems oldest known had two common characteristics; taught religion and the traditions are kept. In ancient Egypt, the temple schools taught not only religion but also the principles of writing, science, mathematics and architecture. Similarly, in India the bulk of education was in the hands of priests. India was the source of Buddhism, a doctrine that is taught in their institutions to the Chinese school, and extended by the countries of the Far East. Education in ancient China focused on philosophy, poetry and religion, according to the teachings of Confucius, Lao-Tzu and other philosophers. The Chinese system of civilian review, initiated in that country over 2,000 years ago, has remained until this century, then, in theory, allows the selection of the best students for important positions in government.

 
Physical training methods that prevailed in Persia and were highly praised by several Greek writers, went on to become the model of the education systems of ancient Greece, which valued both gymnastics and mathematics and music.

 
The Bible and the Talmud are the basic sources of education among the ancient Jews. Thus, the Talmud encouraged Jewish parents to teach their children specific professional skills, swimming and a foreign language. Today, religion still feel the educational foundations in the home, synagogue and school. The Torah is still the basis of Jewish education.